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Yes: the law does not require one, it is the owner's requirement. Other proof of income helps, as does a higher deposit (up to 12 months' rent under an ordinary tenancy) or paying several months up front. An occasional lease also needs a fallback address.

A fixed-term lease of up to 10 years with a private owner. The tenant signs a notarial statement submitting to eviction, names another flat to move to if evicted and attaches its owner's consent (Art. 19a of the Tenant Protection Act). The owner reports the lease to the tax office within 14 days.

Up to twelve times the monthly rent under an ordinary tenancy (Art. 6 of the Tenant Protection Act) and up to six times under an occasional lease. Under an occasional lease it is returned within a month of moving out, minus what you owe the owner.

The owner only confirms on the form that you live there. Registration gives no right to the flat, so it is best to write into the contract that the owner will sign the form. If they still refuse, the gmina office can register you by decision after confirming that you actually live there.

With the land register number in the EKW system of the Ministry of Justice: section II shows the owner, section IV the mortgages. If someone else signs the contract, ask for a power of attorney or an agreement that allows subletting. Do not pay a deposit before a viewing and a signed contract.

Not for a self-contained flat and its garage, unless it is in the border zone. A house, land or commercial premises need a permit for a citizen of a country outside the EEA and Switzerland, unless they have lived in Poland at least 5 years since getting permanent or EU long-term residence. Stamp duty for the permit is 1,570 PLN.